The origins and development of carton packaging(2)

Third, modern packaging

Since the 16th century, due to the rapid development of industrial production, especially the industrial revolution in Europe in the 19th century, greatly promoted the development of the packaging industry, thus laying the foundation for the occurrence and establishment of modern packaging industry and packaging technology.

At the end of the 18th century, French scientists developed a clear sterilization method of packaging and storage of food, leading to the early 19th century presented glass food cans and tinplate food cans, so that food packaging science has been rapidly developed. Into the 19th century, the packaging industry began to fully develop, 1800 mechanism wooden boxes presented, 1814 Britain presented the first long network of paper machine, 1818 tin-plated metal cans presented, 1856, the United States invented a clear corrugated paper, 1860 Europe made bag-making machine, 1868 the United States invented the first composition of plastic bags - -Celluloid, in 1890 the American Railroad Yard Transportation Committee began to recognize corrugated boxes officially as transport packaging containers.

In the 20th century, the development of science and technology, new materials, new skills continue to present, polyethylene, paper, glass, aluminium foil, a variety of plastics, composite materials and other packaging materials are widely used, aseptic packaging, shockproof packaging, anti-theft packaging, security packaging, combination packaging, composite packaging and other skills are increasingly sophisticated, from a variety of ways to strengthen the function of packaging.

Since the middle and end of the 20th century, international trade has been developing rapidly, and packaging has been paid attention to by countries all over the world. About 90% of products need to pass through different degrees and different types of packaging, and packaging has become an indispensable and important link in the process of production and circulation of products. Now, electronic skills, laser skills, microwave skills are widely used in the packaging industry, packaging planning to complete the computer-aided planning (CAD), packaging production also completed mechanization and automated production.

The development of packaging industry and skills has promoted the formation of packaging science research and packaging science. The packaging discipline covers physics, chemistry, biology, humanities, art and other aspects of knowledge, belongs to the interspersed group of disciplines in the general science, it organically absorb, integration of different disciplines of new theories, new materials, new skills and new processes, from the point of view of systems engineering to solve the product maintenance, storage, transportation and promotion of sales and other general problems in the process of circulation. 

The classification of packaging disciplines is relatively diverse, generally classified as packaging materials, packaging transport, packaging technology, packaging planning, packaging management, packaging decoration, packaging testing, packaging machinery and other sub-disciplines. Now, China has more than 40 colleges and universities to open a packaging engineering professional, packaging talent team is growing.